节点：下游（终端消费/应用）位置：下游情绪：利好参考度：6/10
国际能源论坛（IEF）指出，全球超60%关键矿产需求依赖国际贸易，凸显清洁能源应用下生产国与消费国的结构性依存关系。这种高依赖使供应链对地缘政治紧张、出口管制及炼油环节瓶颈极为敏感，矿产已成为电气化、数字基建及先进制造的核心支柱。IEF最新报告关键矿产助力能源未来强调，2021至2040年主要能源转型矿产需求将大幅增长，21世纪30年代中期铜镍市场或现严重短缺，锂供应仍集中于少数国家。
全球对铜、镍、钴、锂及稀土元素五种关键矿产需求，将从2021年2800万吨增至2040年近4100万吨。清洁能源领域中，铜用量翻倍超1200万吨，锂镍因电池制造及储能需求增长十倍以上；稀土与钴增长平稳但显著。电动汽车是最大需求推手，其铜用量为内燃机汽车四倍，预计2035年电动汽车铜消费量达340万吨，2025-2035年年ŝ..
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