节点:中游(冶炼、中间品)位置:中游情绪:利空参考度:10/10


3月15日,South32控股的莫桑比克Mozal铝厂正式全面停产维护。此次危机源于“HCB水电站—Eskom电力公司—Mozal铝厂”跨国电力供应体系破裂,将削减全球约0.8%原铝供应,或为铝价提供强力支撑。中东局势未定背景下,Mozal减产若叠加中东减产,或致欧美铝锭供应紧缺,助推铝价冲击4000美元/吨。

Mozal铝厂是莫桑比克1992年内战后最大外国直接投资(13亿美元)项目,2000年投产,初期0.02美元/千瓦时电价构建成本优势,股权结构为South32(63.7%)、南非IDC(32.4%)、莫桑比克政府(3.9%)。因供电续签谈判未果,3月15日转入维护状态。停产将产生约6000万美元一次性费用,年基础维护费500万美元;若永久关闭修复成本1.19亿美元。对莫桑比克经济影响显著:波及4000-5000名员工,间接影响超2万人,损失占该国GDP3.9%。但三方利益矛盾无法调和,最终放弃维持生产。

跨国电力网络破裂是停产直接原因。Mozal依赖底层发电、跨境输配、终端消耗的跨国网络:HCB水电站因莫桑比克南北电网隔离,电力需绕道南非;连续两年干旱致水库蓄水量下降,未来2-4年无法恢复满负荷基载供应。南非Eskom电力公司自身发电危机,可用发电量下滑,拟大幅上调电价,向Mozal的续约报价接近100美元/MWh,远超全球铝工业电价合理区间(除中国外极少铝厂承受50美元/MWh以上)。South32维持运营...

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