节点：中游（冶炼、中间品）位置：中游情绪：中性参考度：2/10
废钢替代铁矿石使钢铁冶炼从“铁矿石为起点”长流程转向“废钢为原料”短流程。长流程碳排放集中焦炭还原环节，短流程核心为电炉熔炼，碳排放取决于电力清洁程度。理想状态下，废钢充足、绿电低廉时，短流程吨钢碳排放较长期降低60%以上。碳中和长远目标下，废钢替代铁矿石为确定最终方向。
替代为长期过程，存在三大关键约束。其一为社会钢铁蓄积量，废钢源于钢铁产品报废回收，中国虽为全球最大钢铁生产国，但大量钢铁以建筑、桥梁、汽车等形式存在，尚未进入报废周期，..
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