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据Mining.com报道,美国总统特朗普推进深海采矿的行政命令,引发全球关于海洋资源、国际法与环境监管的激烈争论。美国此举旨在减少对等关键矿产的对外依赖,却引发生态破坏与国际稳定方面的担忧。

特朗普4月签署的行政令,依据《深海硬矿资源法案》,绕过负责监管海底采矿与海洋生态保护的联合国国际海底管理局(ISA),直接授权包括国际水域在内的深海采矿许可。这一行为标志着美国对《联合国海洋法公约》(UNCLOS)态度的重大转变。虽美国未批准加入UNCLOS,但此前认可其原则,此次单边行动背离该原则,法律专家警告,这或危及全球海洋治理,引发更多单边行动。

矿业律师斯科特·安德森指出,美国与UNCLOS关系“若即若离”,虽协助制定公约,却因需共享采矿技术条款拒绝批准。此前美国按UNCLOS相关协议遵守深海采矿规定,如今快速推进深海采矿,可能打破体系,带来法律与外交风险,或鼓励其他国家无视国际规矩、扩大领海主张。

ISA迟迟未颁布开采规定,2021年瑙鲁海洋资源公司申请在太平洋开采触发规...

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